how to install and configure aws cli on linux ?

AWS Command Line Interface (CLI). Depending on your operating system ways are different for installation. I will show you installation of AWS CLI on Ubuntu and CentOS Linux OS.

Install AWS Command Line Interface ( CLI)

 Install AWS CLI in Ubuntu Linux

Pip is recommended method of installing AWS CLI on Linux which is python based tool helps in install, upgrade, and remove Python packages.

– Install python-pip package using apt-get

[root@linuxforfreshers~] apt-get install python-pip

Install AWS CLI using pip command

[root@linuxforfreshers~] pip install awscli

– Configure AWS CLI

You can configure it using “aws configure” command.

While configuring, it will ask you for the several information like AWS Access Key ID, AWS Secret Access Key, Default region name, Default output format. You need to provide that information. In my case below is the Access Key and Secret Access Key.

AWS Access Key = AKIAJRSF3SHFXWALVL2A

AWS Secret Access Key = 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

Let’s configure it using command.

[root@linuxforfreshers~] aws configure

AWS Access Key ID [None]: AKIAJRSF3SHFXWALVL2A

AWS Secret Access Key [None]: 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

Default region name [None]: us-east-1

Default output format [None]:

[root@linuxforfreshers~]

Once configuration complete, It will create .aws folder in user’s home directory. Below is the content of .aws directory.

[root@linuxforfreshers~] ls .aws/

Config Credentials

[root@linuxforfreshers~] cat .aws/config

[default]

region = us-east-1

[root@linuxforfreshers~] cat .aws/credentials

[default]

aws_access_key_id = AKIAJRSF3SHFXWALVL2A

aws_secret_access_key = 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

[root@linuxforfreshers~]

 – Now Test if AWS CLI is installed correctly or not.

[root@linuxforfreshers~] aws help

If you are given wrong access_key u will get following error.

An error occurred (InvalidAccessKeyId) when calling the ListBuckets operation: The AWS Access Key Id you provided does not exist in our records.

– Check Version of AWS CLI.

[root@linuxforfreshers]aws --version

aws-cli/1.11.129 Python/2.7.6 Linux/4.4.0-59-generic botocore/1.5.92

Install AWS CLI in CentOS Linux

– Check if python is installed in your system or not. If not install it using below command.

[root@linuxforfreshers~]# yum -y install python

– Install Pip on Linux.

Download the installation script.

[root@linuxforfreshers~]# curl -O https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py

  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time        Time  Current

                                    Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed

100 1388k  100 1388k    0       0   205k      0  0:00:06  0:00:06 --:--:--  265k

[root@linuxforfreshers~]#

Run the script with Python.

[root@linuxforfreshers~]# python get-pip.py

  Downloading pip-7.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.1MB)

    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.1MB 155kB/s

Collecting wheel

  Downloading wheel-0.24.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (63kB)

    100% |████████████████████████████████| 65kB 252kB/s

Collecting argparse (from wheel)

  Downloading argparse-1.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl

Installing collected packages: pip, argparse, wheel

Successfully installed argparse-1.3.0 pip-7.0.3 wheel-0.24.0

[root@linuxforfreshers~]#

– Now install AWS command line using pip.

[root@linuxforfreshers~]# pip install awscli

– Let’s configure AWS CLI.

[root@linuxforfreshers~] aws configure

AWS Access Key ID [None]: AKIAJRSF3SHFXWALVL2A

AWS Secret Access Key [None]: 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

Default region name [None]: us-east-1

Default output format [None]:

[root@linuxforfreshers~]

– Verify either file and folder is created.

[root@linuxforfreshers~] ls .aws/

Config Credentials

[root@linuxforfreshers~] cat .aws/config

[default]

region = us-east-1

[root@linuxforfreshers~] cat .aws/credentials

[default]

aws_access_key_id = AKIAJRSF3SHFXWALVL2A

aws_secret_access_key = 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

[root@linuxforfreshers~]

Installation is complete now and you can start using aws cli.

How to kill defunct or zombie process in linux?

 HOW TO KILL DEFUNCT OR ZOMBIE PROCESS

A "defunct" processes is also known as a "zombie" processes. A Zombie process is referred as dead process which is receding on your system though it’s completed executing. In one shot we can say it’s a dead processes which is still in RAM. This process will be in your process table and consuming your memory. Having more defunct process will consume your memory which intern slows your system. We have to kill the defunct process in order to free RAM and make system stable.

What is a zombie process?

When a process finishes execution, it will have an exit status to report to its parent process. Because of this last little bit of information, the process will remain in the operating system’s process table as a zombie process, indicating that it is not to be scheduled for further execution, but that it cannot be completely removed (and its process ID cannot be reused) until it has been determined that the exit status is no longer needed.

When a child exits, the parent process will receive a SIGCHLD signal to indicate that one of its children has finished executing; the parent process will typically call the wait() system call at this point. That call will provide the parent with the child’s exit status, and will cause the child to be reaped, or removed from the process table.

Why defunct process are created?

Ans : When ever a process ends all the memory used by that process are cleared and assigned to new process but due to programming errors/bugs some processes are still left in process table. These are created when there is no proper communication between parent process and child proces

How do I remove zombie processes from a system?

Well, first you can wait. It’s possible that the parent process is intentionally leaving the process in a zombie state to ensure that future children that it may create will not receive the same pid. Or perhaps the parent is occupied, and will reap the child process momentarily.

Secondly, you can send a SIGCHLD signal to the parent (“kill -s SIGCHLD <ppid>“). This will cause well-behaving parents to reap their zombie children.

Finally, you can kill the parent process of the zombie. At that point, all of the parent’s children will be adopted by the init process (pid 1), which periodically runs wait() to reap any zombie children. Then system need reboot to kill zombie process.

Interview questions & answers

1. How to find a defunct process?

Ans : Using ps command

#ps -ef | grep defunct

Or

Run “ps aux” and look for a Z in the STAT column.

Or

ps aux | awk '"[Zz]" ~ $8 { printf("%s, PID = %d\n", $8, $2); }'

2. How can I kill a defunct process?

Ans : Just use kill command

#kill defunct-pid

3. Still not able to kill?

Ans : Then use kill -9 to force kill that process

#kill -9 defunct-pid

4. Still have an issue in killing it?

Ans : Then try to kill it’s parent id and then defunct.

#kill parent-id-of-defunct-pid

Then

#kill -9 parent-id-of-defunct-pid

5. Still having defunct?

Ans : If you still find defunct process eating up RAM then last and final solution is to reboot your machine(This is not preferred on production boxes).

6.What is orphan process?

Ans : An orphan process is said to be a process which runs through parent process is terminated, these process do not know what to do and when to terminate.

7. What is difference between orphan and defunct processes?

Ans : A defunct process is a dead process where there is no execution happening whereas orphan process is a live process which is still in execution state but don't have parent process