du (Disk Usage) Commands to Find Disk
Usage of Files and Directories
The Linux “du” (Disk Usage) is a
standard Unix/Linux command, used to check the information of disk usage of
files and directories on a machine. The du command has many parameter options
that can be used to get the results in many formats. The du command also
displays the files and directory sizes in a recursively manner.
1. To find out the disk usage summary
of a /home/minazul directory tree and each of its sub directories. Enter the
command as:
[root@linuxforfreshers.com]# du /home/minazul
40
/home/minazul/downloads
4
/home/minazul/.mozilla/plugins
4
/home/minazul/.mozilla/extensions
12
/home/minazul/.mozilla
12
/home/minazul/.ssh
689112
/home/minazul/Ubuntu-12.10
689360
/home/minazul
The output of the above command
displays the number of disk blocks in the /home/minazul directory along with
its sub-directories.
2. Using “-h” option with “du” command
provides results in “Human Readable Format“. Means you can see sizes in Bytes,
Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes etc.
[root@linuxforfreshers.com]# du -h
/home/minazul
40K
/home/minazul/downloads
4.0K
/home/minazul/.mozilla/plugins
4.0K
/home/minazul/.mozilla/extensions
12K
/home/minazul/.mozilla
12K
/home/minazul/.ssh
673M
/home/minazul/Ubuntu-12.10
674M
/home/minazul
3. To get the summary of a grand total
disk usage size of an directory use the option “-s” as follows.
[root@linuxforfreshers.com]# du -sh
/home/minazul
674M
/home/minazul
4. Using “-a” flag with “du” command
displays the disk usage of all the files and directories.
[root@linuxforfreshers.com]# du -a /home/minazul
4
/home/minazul/.bash_logout
12
/home/minazul/downloads/uploadprogress-1.0.3.1.tgz
24
/home/minazul/downloads/Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2
40
/home/minazul/downloads
12
/home/minazul/uploadprogress-1.0.3.1.tgz
4
/home/minazul/.mozilla/plugins
4
/home/minazul/.mozilla/extensions
12
/home/minazul/.mozilla
4
/home/minazul/.bashrc
689108
/home/minazul/Ubuntu-12.10/ubuntu-12.10-server-i386.iso
689112
/home/minazul/Ubuntu-12.10
689360
/home/minazul
5. Using “-a” flag along with “-h”
displays disk usage of all files and folders in human readeable format. The
below output is more easy to understand as it shows the files in Kilobytes,
Megabytes etc.
[root@linuxforfreshers.com]# du -ah
/home/minazul
4.0K
/home/minazul/.bash_logout
12K
/home/minazul/downloads/uploadprogress-1.0.3.1.tgz
24K
/home/minazul/downloads/Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2
40K
/home/minazul/downloads
12K
/home/minazul/uploadprogress-1.0.3.1.tgz
4.0K
/home/minazul/.mozilla/plugins
4.0K
/home/minazul/.mozilla/extensions
12K
/home/minazul/.mozilla
4.0K
/home/minazul/.bashrc
673M
/home/minazul/Ubuntu-12.10/ubuntu-12.10-server-i386.iso
673M
/home/minazul/Ubuntu-12.10
674M
/home/minazul
6. Find out the disk usage of a directory
tree with its subtress in Kilobyte blcoks. Use the “-k” (displays size in 1024
bytes units).
[root@linuxforfreshers.com]# du -k
/home/minazul
40
/home/minazul/downloads
4
/home/minazul/.mozilla/plugins
4
/home/minazul/.mozilla/extensions
12
/home/minazul/.mozilla
12
/home/minazul/.ssh
689112
/home/minazul/Ubuntu-12.10
689360
/home/minazul
7. To get the summary of disk usage of
directory tree along with its subtrees in Megabytes (MB) only. Use the option
“-mh” as follows. The “-m” flag counts the blocks in MB units and “-h” stands
for human readable format.
[root@linuxforfreshers.com]# du -mh
/home/minazul
40K
/home/minazul/downloads
4.0K
/home/minazul/.mozilla/plugins
4.0K
/home/minazul/.mozilla/extensions
12K
/home/minazul/.mozilla
12K
/home/minazul/.ssh
673M
/home/minazul/Ubuntu-12.10
674M
/home/minazul
8. The “-c” flag provides a grand
total usage disk space at the last line. If your directory taken 674MB space,
then the last last two line of the output would be.
[root@linuxforfreshers.com]# du -ch
/home/minazul
40K
/home/minazul/downloads
4.0K
/home/minazul/.mozilla/plugins
4.0K
/home/minazul/.mozilla/extensions
12K
/home/minazul/.mozilla
12K
/home/minazul/.ssh
673M
/home/minazul/Ubuntu-12.10
674M
/home/minazul
674M
total
9. The below command calculates and
displays the disk usage of all files and directories, but excludes the files
that matches given pattern. The below command excludes the “.txt” files while
calculating the total size of diretory. So, this way you can exclude any file
formats by using flag “-–exclude“. See the output there is no txt files entry.
[root@linuxforfreshers.com]# du -ah
--exclude="*.txt" /home/minazul
4.0K
/home/minazul/.bash_logout
12K
/home/minazul/downloads/uploadprogress-1.0.3.1.tgz
24K
/home/minazul/downloads/Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2
40K
/home/minazul/downloads
12K
/home/minazul/uploadprogress-1.0.3.1.tgz
4.0K
/home/minazul/.bash_history
4.0K
/home/minazul/.bash_profile
4.0K
/home/minazul/.mozilla/plugins
4.0K
/home/minazul/.mozilla/extensions
12K
/home/minazul/.mozilla
4.0K
/home/minazul/.bashrc
24K
/home/minazul/Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2
4.0K
/home/minazul/geoipupdate.sh
4.0K
/home/minazul/.zshrc
120K
/home/minazul/goaccess-0.4.2.tar.gz.1
673M
/home/minazul/Ubuntu-12.10/ubuntu-12.10-server-i386.iso
673M
/home/minazul/Ubuntu-12.10
674M
/home/minazul
10. Display the disk usage based on
modification of time, use the flag “–time” as shown below.
[root@linuxforfreshers.com]# du -ha
--time /home/minazul
4.0K
2015-10-12 22:32 /home/minazul/.bash_logout
12K
2015-01-19 18:48 /home/minazul/downloads/uploadprogress-1.0.3.1.tgz
24K
2015-01-19 18:48 /home/minazul/downloads/Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2
40K
2015-01-19 18:48 /home/minazul/downloads
12K
2015-01-19 18:32 /home/minazul/uploadprogress-1.0.3.1.tgz
4.0K
2012-10-13 00:11 /home/minazul/.bash_history
4.0K
2012-10-12 22:32 /home/minazul/.bash_profile
0
2013-01-19 18:32 /home/minazul/xyz.txt
0
2013-01-19 18:32 /home/minazul/abc.txt
4.0K
2012-10-12 22:32 /home/minazul/.mozilla/plugins
4.0K
2012-10-12 22:32 /home/minazul/.mozilla/extensions
12K
2012-10-12 22:32 /home/minazul/.mozilla
4.0K
2012-10-12 22:32 /home/minazul/.bashrc
24K
2013-01-19 18:32 /home/minazul/Phpfiles-org.tar.bz2
4.0K
2013-01-19 18:32 /home/minazul/geoipupdate.sh
4.0K
2012-10-12 22:32 /home/minazul/.zshrc
120K
2013-01-19 18:32 /home/minazul/goaccess-0.4.2.tar.gz.1
673M 2013-01-19 18:51 /home/minazul/Ubuntu-12.10/ubuntu-12.10-server-i386.iso
673M
2013-01-19 18:51 /home/minazul/Ubuntu-12.10
674M
2013-01-19 18:52 /home/minazul
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